Resumen Antecedentes: El Área de Protección de Recursos Naturales Quebrada de Santa Bárbara (APRNQSB) destaca por su biodiversidad y la coexistencia de seis géneros de coníferas, pero carece de un inventario florístico actualizado y completo, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue generarlo y caracterizar su vegetación. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la riqueza, el riesgo de extinción y distribución de la flora vascular y qué tipos de vegetación forman en el APRNQSB? Especies estudiadas: Traqueofitas. Sitio y años de estudio: APRNQSB, Durango; julio 2018 a septiembre 2019. Métodos: Un listado preliminar conjuntó registros del herbario CIIDIR y colecciones virtuales. Se enriqueció mediante recolectas en 15 estaciones y cuatro senderos de referencia. Las especies se catalogaron por su riesgo de extinción y distribución. La riqueza florística se comparó contra 11 inventarios de otras zonas de México mediante un índice de diversidad taxonómica (IDT). La vegetación se caracterizó por composición florística y fisonomía. Resultados: La flora vascular incluyó 79 familias, 211 géneros, 352 especies y un IDT de 198 spp./km2. Se registraron seis especies bajo la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, 63 taxa en la UICN, 34 especies endémicas a Durango y estados vecinos y 17 microendémicas. La vegetación se compone por bosque mixto de Pinus-Quercus, bosque de coníferas y vegetación acuática y subacuática. Conclusiones: Considerando trabajos previos, se logró un incremento del 76 % en el inventario de la flora vascular del APRNQSB. Los datos actualizados de la flora del APRNQSB son fundamentales para el desarrollo y establecimiento de estrategias de manejo y conservación.

Abstract Background: Quebrada de Santa Bárbara Natural Resources Protection Area (QSBNRPA) stands out for its biodiversity and the coexistence of six genera of conifers, but an updated and complete floristic inventory is not available; hence the objective of this work was to generate it and characterize its vegetation. Questions: What is the diversity, extinction risk, and distribution of the vascular flora and what types of vegetation develop in the QSBNRPA? Studied species: Tracheophytes. Study site and dates: QSBNRPA, Durango; July 2018 to September 2019. Methods: A preliminary list assembled database records from the CIIDIR herbarium and virtual collections. It was enriched by collected specimens at 15 stations and four reference trails. The species were catalogued by their extinction risk, endemicity and distribution. Species richness was compared against 11 inventories from other Mexican zones using a taxonomic diversity index (TDI). The vegetation was characterized by its physiognomy and taxonomic composition. Results: The vascular flora included 79 families, 211 genera and 352 species, with a TDI of 198 spp./km2. Six species at risk included in NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, 63 taxa listed in the IUCN, 34 endemic species to Durango and neighboring states, and 17 microendemics were recorded. The vegetation composition includes Pinus-Quercus mixed forest, coniferous forest, and acuatic and subacuatic vegetation. Conclusions: Considering previous works, an increase of 76 % was achieved in the inventory of the vascular flora of the APRNQSB. The updated data of the flora of the APRNQSB are fundamental for the development and establishment of strategies of management and conservation.

Resumen Este estudio analiza los cambios estructurales experimentados por un equipo interprofesional que implementa un programa de intervención psicosocial dirigido a víctimas de la guerra en Colombia. Los equipos están compuestos por psicólogos, trabajadores sociales y facilitadores comunitarios que proporcionan atención a nivel individual, familiar y comunitario. Se aplicaron métodos de evaluación estructural para identificar cambios en la cohesión de las redes de reconocimiento entre profesionales, así como la preferencia para colaborar y el intercambio de información enviada y recibida. La recogida de información se produjo en dos series temporales –tiempo 1 (T1) y tiempo 2 (T2)– con un intervalo de tres meses. Se utilizó una estadística aplicada al análisis de datos relacionales para determinar los cambios en las redes en T1 y T2. En el período de referencia se incrementó la densidad en las redes de reconocimiento [. = 1.7105, (IC 95 %: -.0123 - .185), . < .0444] y de preferencia para trabajar [. = 2.0942, (IC 95 %: .005 - .1521), . < .0218]. Las redes de intercambio de información no experimentaron cambios significativos. Las regresiones múltiples a nivel diádico indican que la preferencia para trabajar e intercambiar información en T1, predicen el intercambio de información relativo tanto a peticiones de información recibidas como enviadas en T2. Se discuten los resultados para optimizar la implementación de programas de intervención psicosocial desarrolladas por equipos interprofesionales.

Abstract The study analyzes the structural changes experienced by an interprofessional team implementing a psychosocial intervention program for victims of war in Colombia. The program is called "PAPSIVI" (Programa de Atención Psicosocial y Salud Integral a Víctimas), which has been operating in Colombia since 2013, thanks to Law 1448 of 2011 to improve the quality of life and repair the damage of the victims of the armed conflict in Colombia. It only served people registered in the Single Registry of Victims (RUV), which had 9'165,126 records throughout the country until September 2021. This program follows a comprehensive and restorative approach that defines victims as protagonists of their own process of empowerment and positive change (Laplante and Holguin, 2006; Thompson, 1996). For this purpose, a multilevel intervention is carried out at the individual, family and community levels. The program is implemented by teams of professionals (psychologists, social workers and community facilitators) of varying sizes depending on the number of victims served in the municipalities. Psychologists provide individual psychological care and, to a lesser extent, family therapy is also offered to try to repair psychosocial damage from exposure to situations of violence (Oficina de Promoción Social, 2017). Social workers carry out community interventions to promote the associative fabric and social capital. Community promoters are facilitators and connect professionals with the potential beneficiaries of the intervention. The latter are very important, having themselves the status of victims, which increases the ecological validity of the intervention. Due to the characteristics of the implementation of this initiative, which takes into account the difficulties of the context (with situations of deprivation and vulnerability), as well as the particularities of the participants, it is valid to ask in this research what are the structural changes experienced by the teams of professionals who implement PAPSIVI. For this, structural evaluation methods were applied to identify changes in the cohesion of recognition networks among professionals, the preference to collaborate and the exchange of information sent and received. Data collection took place in two time series (T1 before - T2 after) with an interval of three months. Statistics applied to relational data analysis were used to determine changes in the networks at time T2. In the results it was found that in the baseline period the density in the recognition [t = 1.7105, (95 % CI: -.0123 - .185), p < .0444] and work preference [t = 2.0942, (95 % CI: .005 - .1521), p < .0218] networks increased. Information exchange networks did not experience significant changes. Multiple regressions at the dyadic level indicate that the preference for working and exchanging information at T1 predicts information exchange relative to both information requests received and sent at T2. It is concluded that the results shed light for: (a) optimize the design of psychosocial intervention teams; (b) improve their functioning by introducing horizontal organizational communication tools (among the members of each team), transversal (among the members of the teams implementing the program in different municipalities), and vertical (by promoting communication between professionals and program managers/responsible persons), and (c) achieve that changes in the structure of the teams serve as a diagnostic tool for functional problems of the team associated with the exchange of professional information and the referral of users. Ultimately, better integration of the teams leads to better psychosocial profiles of the users of programs such as PAPSIVI and allows them to better adapt their activities to the needs of the users, which improves the effectiveness of the intervention (Virto, 2021).

ABSTRACT Loxoscelism occurs when the dermonecrotic venom produced by spiders of the genus Loxosceles, known as “violin spiders,” enters a person’s organism through their bite. In Mexico there is an underreporting of loxoscelism cases due to the absence of laboratory tests for its diagnosis and the complexity of the clinical picture. The aim of this paper is to describe a case of cutaneous loxoscelism caused by the bite of Loxosceles yucatana in a resident of Yucatan, Mexico. Cutaneous loxoscelism is the most frequent and less severe type. This case was diagnosed by means of the symptomatology registered in the medical records, the initial lesion, and the identification of L. yucatana spiders. This study represents the first description of a case of cutaneous loxoscelism with favorable outcome in Yucatan.

RESUMEN El loxoscelismo es ocasionado cuando el veneno dermonecrótico producido por las arañas del género Loxosceles, conocidas como «arañas violinistas», ingresa al organismo de una persona a través de su mordida. En México ocurre un subregistro de los casos de loxoscelismo por la ausencia de pruebas de laboratorio para su diagnóstico y la dificultad del cuadro clínico. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir un caso de loxoscelismo cutáneo ocasionado por mordedura de Loxosceles yucatana en un residente de Yucatán, México. El loxoscelismo cutáneo es el tipo más frecuente y menos severo. El presente caso se diagnosticó por medio de la sintomatología registrada en la historia clínica, la lesión inicial y la identificación de arañas L. yucatana. Este trabajo representa la primera descripción de un caso de loxoscelismo cutáneo con resolución favorable en Yucatán.

Abstract In the present study, the effect of the inoculation of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (root-dwelling bacteria that promote plant growth through various mechanisms, commonly known by the acronym PGPR); LBEndo1 (Bacillus paralicheniformis), NFbEndo2M2 (Acinetobacter guillouiae), KBEndo3 (Aeromonas caviae), and KBEcto4 (Pseudomonas lini) were evaluated in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv ‘Top1182’) into two soil preparations and the use of compost under commercial shade house conditions. Root weight of tomato plant were increased significantly by inoculation with LBEndo1 and KBEcto4 strains, 119.3 and 81.9%, respectively, on composted flatted soil conditions compared to tomato plants control uninoculated. The PGPR treatments also increased fruit number per plant on both soil condition preparations. KBEcto4 was the treatment with the highest number of fruits with 23 tomatoes plant-1, compared with 18.6 fruits plant-1 control uninoculated on composted flatted soil conditions. The yield and marketable yields were also enhanced by the inoculation of LBEndo1 and KBEcto4 strains in both soil preparations. The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and the use of organic fertilizer have the potential to be useful under shade house production and is a viable alternative to improving the yield of tomato.

Resumen En el presente estudio, se evaluó el efecto de la inoculación de rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (bacterias que habitan en las raíces que promueven el crecimiento vegetal a través de diversos mecanismos, comúnmente conocidas por el acrónimo PGPR del inglés Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria); LBEndo1 (Bacillus paralicheniformis), NFbEndo2M2 (Acinetobacter guillouiae), KBEndo3 (Aeromonas caviae) y KBEcto4 (Pseudomonas lini) en plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv ‘Top1182’) en dos preparaciones de suelo y el uso de composta en condiciones de casa sombra comercial. El peso radicular de la planta de tomate aumentó significativamente por la inoculación con las cepas LBEndo1 y KBEcto4, 119.3 y 81.9%, respectivamente, en condiciones de suelo plano compostado en comparación con plantas de tomate de control no inoculadas. Los tratamientos con PGPR también incrementaron el número de frutos por planta en ambas preparaciones de condición de suelo. KBEcto4 fue el tratamiento con el mayor número de frutos con 23 tomates planta-1, en comparación con 18.6 frutos planta-1 del control no inoculado en condiciones de suelo plano compostado. El rendimiento y los rendimientos comercializables también fueron mejorados por la inoculación de las cepas LBEndo1 y KBEcto4 en ambas preparaciones de suelo. Las rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal y el uso de fertilizantes orgánicos tienen el potencial de ser útiles bajo la producción en casa sombra y son una alternativa viable para mejorar el rendimiento del tomate.

Resumen Introducción: El ejercicio de la anestesiología durante la pandemia por COVID-i9/SARS-CoV-2 ha tenido un impacto psicológico y ha estado asociado a dilemas éticos, aumento en la sobrecarga y riesgo laboral. Objetivo: Comprender distintos problemas en los que se han visto envueltos los médicos anestesiólogos, en especial los relacionados con su ética profesional en el proceso de tomar decisiones, el aumento en la carga personal y el posible riesgo de su seguridad y salud como consecuencia de su labor durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal. Por medio de una encuesta, aplicada a anestesiólogos afiliados a la Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación (S.C.A.R.E.), se indagó acerca de jornadas laborales, seguridad laboral, normas y estrategias de prevención, y aspectos éticos vinculados con la toma de decisiones durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Resultados: Participaron 218 anestesiólogos. La mayoría de los encuestados consideró que no hubo aumento significativo en su carga laboral, excepto aquellos que ejercen en cuidado crítico (42,5 %; n = 17). La mayoría de los participantes consideran que el tiempo de descanso no es suficiente. Un 55,96 % (n = 122) de los participantes, refieren sentirse moderadamente seguros con las medidas de bioseguridad, pero con un mayor riesgo de contagio frente a otros profesionales, con un 72,9 % (n = 159) y manifestaron haber invertido de sus propios recursos para la adquisición de elementos de protección personal (EPP). Así mismo, se evidenció que una cuarta parte de los entrevistados se ha enfrentado a dilemas éticos durante la reanimación de pacientes infectados por SARS-CoV-2. Conclusiones: La información obtenida hace un acercamiento inicial a la problemática generada en Colombia por la pandemia, donde es evidente que los anestesiólogos perciben una mayor inseguridad asociada, debido a diversos factores como mayor riesgo de infección, insuficiencia de EPP y burnout, entre otros. Por ende, creemos que es fundamental reconocer el trabajo de todos los anestesiólogos, y comprender el impacto que la pandemia ha tenido en estos profesionales.

Abstract Introduction: The practice of anesthesiology during the COVlD-i9/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a psychological impact, and has been associated with ethical dilemmas, work overload, and occupational risk. Objective: To understand different problems affecting anesthesiologists, in particular with regards to professional ethics in the decision-making process, increased personal workload, and the potential risk in terms of their own safety and health, as a consequence of working during the COVlD-19 pandemic. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. A survey was administered to anesthesiologists members of the Colombian Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (S.C.A.R.E.), to enquire about work hours, occupational safety, prevention standards and strategies, and ethical aspects involved in decision making during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: 218 anesthesiologist participated in the survey. Most of the respondents felt that there was not a significant increase in their workload, except for those in critical care (42.5 %; n = 17). Most of the participants believe that leisure time is not enough. 55.96 % (n = 122) of the participants said they felt moderately safe with the biosecurity measures, but with a higher risk of contagion versus other practitioners, with 72.9 % (n = 159) responding that they used their own money to buy personal protection equipment (PPE). There was also evidence that one fourth of the respondents has faced ethical dilemmas during the resuscitation of SARS-CoV-2 - infected patients. Conclusions: The information gathered is a preliminary approach to the situation arising in Colombia as a result of the pandemic; it is clear that anesthesiologists perceive higher associated lack of safety due to different factors such as higher risk of infection, shortage of PPEs and burnout, inter alia. Hence we believe that it is fundamental to acknowledge the work of all anesthesiologists and understand the impact that the pandemic has had on this group of professionals.

Abstract Obesity has increased in epidemic proportions worldwide and is increasingly associated with other conditions such as hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea and diabetes. Considering the adverse effects that obesity has on cardiovascular hemodynamicsm structure and function, it is not surprising that in the context of obesity most cardiovascular diseases increase in frequency, including hypertension, coronary artery disease and heart failure, in addition to the significant increase in the risk of de novo atrial fibrillation and its recurrence. Structural cardiac factors, and probably cardiometabolic factors, account for much of this effect. A search for articles and scientific studies in databases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE) was carried out, concluding that obesity contributes significantly to the risk of atrial fibrillation. The literature provides solid evidence in favor of incorporating exercise as a complementary strategy for atrial fibrillation management, demonstrating that higher levels of physical activity within the optimal range can be beneficial.

Resumen La obesidad ha aumentado en proporciones epidémicas en el mundo y cada vez es mayor su asociación con otras condiciones como la hipertensión, la apnea obstructiva del sueño y la diabetes mellitus. De acuerdo con los efectos adversos que tiene la obesidad sobre la estructura, función y hemodinámica cardiovascular, no es sorprendente que en el contexto de obesidad, la mayoría de enfermedades cardiovasculares aumenten su frecuencia, incluida la hipertensión, la enfermedad coronaria y la insuficiencia cardíaca, adicional al incremento significativo del riesgo de presentar fibrilación auricular de novo y su recurrencia. Factores cardíacos estructurales y, probablemente, cardiometabólicos explican gran parte de este efecto. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos y estudios científicos en bases de datos (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE), y concluyó que la obesidad contribuye en gran parte al riesgo de fibrilación auricular. La literatura proporciona evidencia sólida a favor de incorporar el ejercicio como una estrategia complementaria para el manejo de la fibrilación auricular, demostrando que niveles más altos de actividad física dentro del rango óptimo pueden ser beneficiosos.

Abstract. This review provides a qualitative comparative analysis of theoretical and methodological aspects of 27 studies in which the results of the implementation of programs involved in child maltreatment are presented with an attachment perspective. The studies were examined following the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. It was found that the programs promote the development of maternal sensitivity, mentalization or reflective functioning and empathy, however, the underlying mechanisms are not differentiated according to the type of abuse to intervene. Likewise, it was found that despite the recognition of the mother's violent childhood experiences as one of the main predisposing factors for child abuse, it is a variable that is scarcely considered in the programs examined. These findings indicate the importance of developing intervention programs that consider a cumulative ecological risk perspective.

Resumen Introducción: La obesidad es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública en el mundo. Se considera detonante de múltiples enfermedades cardiometabólicas, como el infarto agudo de miocardio, la hipertensión arterial, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y el accidente isquémico cerebral. Es interesante conocer diversos factores fisiopatológicos que no dependen solo de la adiposidad, sino también de la masa muscular. Al entender que el músculo como órgano endocrino corresponde al 40% del peso corporal, las miocinas, como sustancias propias de este órgano liberadas desde la contracción, cobran importancia por su efecto antiinflamatorio y cardioprotector, y suponen un esfuerzo mayor para, a partir de su comprensión, realizar una prescripción adecuada del ejercicio. Objetivo: Estudiar las funciones de las miocinas como sustancias reguladoras de diversos procesos metabólicos, fundamentales en la homeostasis corporal. Método: Se hizo una revisión de tema, resultado de la revisión crítica de la literatura disponible sobre las miocinas, sus funciones y los efectos de la actividad física y el ejercicio en su liberación y acción. Conclusiones: El estudio de las miocinas viene en aumento y cobra relevancia clínica. Los efectos antiinflamatorios y cardioprotectores de las miocinas dependen del tipo de entrenamiento y de las cargas aplicadas al músculo una vez ha sido sometido a diferentes tipos de estímulo (aeróbico/anaeróbico, fuerza). Por tanto, la prescripción correcta del ejercicio es crucial en la modulación de estos mediadores: la optimización de su efecto, el acondicionamiento físico y el mantenimiento del peso adecuado.

Abstract Introduction: Obesity is one of the main public health problems worldwide being considered as a trigger for multiple cardiometabolic diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cerebral ischemic accident among others. For this reason, it is of interest to know the various pathophysiological factors which depend not only on adiposity but also on muscle mass. Taking into account that the muscle as an endocrine organ corresponds to 40 % of the body weight, the importance that myokines charge as substances of this organ with an anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective character and which are released from muscle contraction is an additional study to perform an adequate Prescription of the exercise. Objective: To study the functions of myokines as regulatory substances in various metabolic processes, being essential in body homeostasis. Method: It is presented a topic review article, the result of a critical review of the available literature on myokines, their functions and the effects of physical activity and exercise on their release and action. Conclusions: that the study of myokines is increasing and is becoming more important clinical. The anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects of myokines depend on the type of training and loads applied to the muscle once subjected to different types of stimulation (aerobic/anaerobic, strength). Therefore, the proper prescription of exercise becomes crucial in the physical conditioning and in the maintenance of the appropriate weight.

Abstract: This article is part of an entertainment-education research (EE) from the perspective of narrative persuasion. It presents the results of experimental research aimed at contributing to the improvement of the design of EE strategies to promote HIV testing in men who have sex with men (MSM). Specifically, we assessed the effect of the entertainment-education message (written vs. audiovisual) and the moderating role of the ability to generate mental imagery in the persuasive impact of EE pieces. In this experimental research, 109 MSM were randomly distributed into two experimental conditions (audiovisual versus written message). The results showed that the ability to generate mental imagery moderated the effects of the EE message modality on narrative transportation and the identification with characters. Besides, it was verified that narrative transportation and identification with characters are relevant mediating mechanisms, but these indirect effects were conditioned by the ability to generate mental imagery. These results suggest an advance in the knowledge process of narrative persuasion, the role of individual differences, and the provision of relevant information for the design of EE interventions.

Resumen: Este artículo se enmarca en la investigación sobre educación-entretenimiento (EE) desde la perspectiva de la persuasión narrativa. Se presentan los resultados de un estudio experimental orientado a contribuir a la mejora del diseño de estrategias de EE para la promoción de la realización de la prueba del VIH en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). Específicamente, se analizó el efecto de la modalidad del mensaje (escrito versus audiovisual) y el rol moderador de la capacidad para generar imágenes mentales en el impacto persuasivo de las piezas de EE. En el estudio experimental participaron 109 HSH, distribuidos aleatoriamente a dos condiciones experimentales (mensaje audiovisual versus mensaje escrito). Los resultados mostraron que la capacidad de generar imágenes mentales moderaba el efecto de la modalidad del mensaje EE sobre el transporte narrativo y la identificación con los personajes. Asimismo, se constató que tanto el transporte narrativo como la identificación con los personajes actuaban como mecanismos mediadores relevantes, pero dichos efectos indirectos estaban condicionados por la capacidad para generar imágenes mentales. Estos resultados suponen un avance en el conocimiento de los procesos de persuasión narrativa, el rol de las diferencias individuales y la entrega información relevante para el diseño de intervenciones de EE.

Resumo: Este artigo faz parte da pesquisa sobre educação e entretenimento (EE) sob a perspectiva da persuasão narrativa. São apresentados os resultados de um estudo experimental destinado a contribuir para melhorar o desenho de estratégias de EE para promover o teste anti-HIV em homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). Em particular, foi analisado o efeito da mensagem educação-entretenimento (escrita versus audiovisual) e o papel moderador da capacidade de gerar imagens mentais no impacto persuasivo das peças de EE. Participaram do estudo experimental 109 HSH e foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em duas condições experimentais (audiovisual versus mensagem escrita). Os resultados mostraram que a capacidade de gerar imagens mentais moderou o efeito da modalidade de mensagem EE no transporte narrativo e na identificação de personagens. Além disso, verificouse que tanto o transporte narrativo quanto a identificação com as personagens atuaram como mecanismos mediadores relevantes, mas tais efeitos indiretos foram condicionados pela capacidade de gerar imagens mentais. Esses resultados significam um avanço no conhecimento dos processos de persuasão narrativa, o papel das diferenças individuais e fornecem informações relevantes para o desenho das intervenções de EE.

ABSTRACT Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is an endemic disease in several Mexican States with the main endemic areas located in the South-Southeast region of the country, where 90% of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana cases are registered. The Southeast region is located in the Yucatan Peninsula, including Campeche, Quintana Roo and Yucatan States. Campeche and Quintana Roo register more than 60% of the cases in the country each year, while in Yucatan the reports are of imported cases due to residents traveling to endemic areas. However, since 2015, autochthonous cases have been diagnosed by health authorities in municipalities with no previous transmission records. We aimed to identify Leishmania parasite species involved in autochthonous cases by means of the PCR technique. The present study included 13 autochthonous cases of LCL with clinical and parasitological diagnoses during 2018 and 2019 by health authorities, without specific identification of the causal agent. Tissue samples were taken by scraping the margins of active lesions and then they were spotted onto an FTATM Elute Microcard. Next, DNA was eluted and used for PCR amplification of specific Leishmania genus and L. (L.) mexicana species-specific fragments. Molecular analysis showed evidence that L. (L.) mexicana was the causal agent of LCL in 12 of the 13 patients; in one patient, PCR was not performed due to the patient’s refusal to participate in the study. Identifying Leishmania species that cause LCL is necessary to define efficient treatment schemes and control strategies for the disease in vulnerable and susceptible areas of the Yucatan State’s municipalities.

Resumen La teoría de las representaciones sociales aplicada al campo de la sociología del derecho permite indagar la reconstrucción colectiva de lo jurídico que se produce en las interacciones cotidianas de las personas ordinarias, más allá de las manifestaciones oficiales del Derecho. En este artículo, la teoría de las representaciones sociales desde la escuela estructuralista (Abric, 2001) entra en dialogo con los estudios de conciencia del derecho-LCS (Ewick y Silbey, 2004) con el objetivo de comprender la legalidad construida por un grupo de 79 padres y madres de la ciudad de Barranquilla en torno al objeto derechos de los niños. Se procedió a caracterizar el universo semántico y la estructura representacional del objeto, a partir de las evocaciones realizadas por los participantes. Los datos se recogieron mediante la técnica de red de asociaciones (De Rosa, 1995). El tratamiento de la información se realizó con dos técnicas, análisis prototípico (Vergès, 1992) apoyado en el programa EVOC (2003), y la construcción de una narrativa emergente, siguiendo la propuesta de análisis de Strauss y Corbin (2012) mediante la herramienta analítica conceptual de paradigma. Los resultados evidencian que los derechos de los niños son un objeto de representaciones que ha franqueado las fronteras del lenguaje técnico jurídico y circula entre los padres gracias a un campo semántico contextualizado en el marco de la tarea educativa familiar. La reelaboración del mensaje legal respecto a los derechos de los infantes, a través de las representaciones de los padres, tiene como eje el reconocimiento de los derechos de protección y prestacionales. Las libertades fundamentales se encuentran como elementos latentes de la representación. Términos referidos a sentimientos (como el amor) tienen fuerte presencia en el sistema central. Son estados afectivos que permean la construcción de la representación y le brindan cohesión al sistema representacional, evidenciando que las representaciones también son un sentir que logra vincular a un grupo humano. Descriptores: crianza del niño, derecho, derechos humanos, familia, sociología.

Abstract The theory of social representations applied to the field of the sociology of law allows us to investigate the collective reconstruction of the legal that occurs in the daily interactions of ordinary people, beyond the official manifestations of law. In this article the theory of social representations from the structuralist school (Abric, 2001) dialogues with the legal consciousness studies-LCS (Ewick and Silbey, 2004) aiming to understand legality built by a group of 79 parents from the city of Barranquilla around the object Children's Rights. The semantic universe and the representational structure of the object were characterized from the evocations expressed by the participants. Data was collected by applying the associative networks technique (De Rosa, 1995). The information treatment was carried out with two techniques, prototypical analysis (Vergès, 1992) supported by the EVOC software (2003), and the construction of an emerging narrative following the proposal of Strauss and Corbin (2012) of analysis using the conceptual analytical tool of paradigm. The results show that children's rights are an object of representations that has crossed the borders of technical legal language and circulates among parents thanks to a semantic field contextualized within the framework of the family educational task. The reworking of the legal message regarding the rights of infants through representations of parents has as its axis the recognition of protection and benefits rights. The freedoms are found as latent elements of representation. Terms referring to feelings like love have a strong presence in the central system. They are affective states that permeate the construction of representation and provide cohesion to the representational system, showing that representations are also a feeling that manages to link a human group. Descriptors: family, human rights, legal sciences, parenting, sociology.

Resumo A teoria das representações sociais aplicada ao campo da sociologia do direitopermite investigar a reconstrução coletiva do jurídico que ocorre nas interações cotidianas das pessoas comuns, além das manifestações oficiais do direito. Neste artigo, a teoria das representações sociais da escola estruturalista (Abric, 2001) entra em diálogo com os estudos da consciência da lei-LCS (Ewick e Silbey, 2004) com o objetivo de entender a legalidade construído por um grupo de 79 pais e mães da cidade de Barranquilla em torno do objeto direitos das crianças. O universo semântico e a estrutura representacional do objeto foram caracterizados a partir das evocações realizadas pelos participantes. Os dados foram coletados aplicando a técnica de rede de associação (De Rosa, 1995). O tratamento da informação foi realizado com duas técnicas: análise prototípica (Vergès, 1992), apoiada pelo programa EVOC (2003), e a construção de uma narrativa emergente, seguindo a proposta de Strauss e Corbin (2012) de análise, utilizando a ferramenta analítica conceitual de paradigma. Os resultados mostram que os direitos da criança são objeto de representações que ultrapassaram as fronteiras da linguagem técnica jurídica e circulam entre os pais e mães, graças a um campo semântico contextualizado no âmbito da tarefa educativa da família. A reformulação da mensagem legal relação aos direitos das crianças por meio de representações dos pais e mães tem como eixo o reconhecimento dos direitos de proteção e benefícios. As liberdades fundamentais são encontradas apenas como elementos latentes de representação. Termos que se referem a sentimentos (como o amor) têm uma forte presença no sistema central. São estados afetivos que permeiam a construção da representação e proporcionam coesão ao sistema representacional, mostrando que as representações também são um sentimento que consegue vincular um grupo humano. Descritores: direito, direitos humanos, família, parentalidade, sociologia.

Resumen La rehabilitación cardiaca es un tratamiento valioso para pacientes con enfermedades cardiacas establecidas, y en general para personas con riesgo cardiovascular elevado. La prescripción de la rehabilitación cardiaca debe ser progresiva y con metas individualizadas. Tradicionalmente se inicia en entornos hospitalarios luego de eventos cardiovasculares agudos y se continúa de manera ambulatoria en instituciones de menor complejidad. Se realizó una revisión no sistemática de la literatura sobre la evolución de la rehabilitación cardiaca en el tiempo, su relevancia en el cuidado de los pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular, las diferentes modalidades en la prestación de este servicio con la tendencia a la rehabilitación cardiaca en casa y la telerrehabilitación, y su transformación acelerada durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Es fundamental garantizar la continuidad en el acceso, así como la suficiente participación de los pacientes en programas remodelados de rehabilitación cardiaca, capaces de transgredir hábitos en la prestación del servicio y de superar las barreras que puede representar la situación actual para la entrega de una atención de alta calidad.

Abstract Cardiac rehabilitation is a valuable treatment for patients with established heart disease, and in general, for people with high cardiovascular risk. The prescription of cardiac rehabilitation must be progressive and with individualized goals. Traditionally, it is performed in hospital settings after an acute cardiovascular event and it’s continued as outpatient basis in less complex institutions. A non-systematic review of literature was conducted in terms of the evolution of cardiac rehabilitation over time, it’s relevance in cardiovascular disease patient’s care, different access modalities, including the evolving tendency towards home based cardiac rehabilitation and tele-rehabilitation, as well as its accelerated transformation during the COVID-19 pandemics. It is essential to guarantee continuity of access as well as sufficient participation of patients in restructured cardiac rehabilitation programs, capable of surpassing service delivery habits and overcoming the barriers that the current situation may represent for the delivery of a high-quality care.

Resumen: Objetivo: Estimar el exceso de defunciones por todas las causas en México durante 2020. Material y métodos: Se construyó un canal endémico con las defunciones (2015-2019), estableciendo el umbral epidémico en el percentil 90, y se comparó con las actas de defunción para estimar el exceso de mortalidad. Resultados: A la semana 53, ocurrieron 326 612 defunciones en exceso (45.1%), con un máximo en la semana 28 (98.0%) y un mínimo en la semana 41 (35.2%); después de la semana 42, la tendencia vuelve a ser ascendente por el resto del año. Esto fue proporcionalmente mayor en los hombres (51.3%), principalmente de 45-64 años de edad, sin embargo, en los de 60 años o más ocurrió el mayor número de defunciones. Conclusión: En México, el exceso de mortalidad ha sido prolongado en comparación con otros países, con alta variabilidad interestatal. Esto podría deberse a las condiciones socioeconómicas y a la alta prevalencia de comorbilidades que aumentan el riesgo de morir en la población mexicana.

Abstract: Objective: To estimate excess mortality from all causes in Mexico in 2020. Materials and methods: We constructed an endemic channel with deaths (2015-2018) establishing the epidemic threshold at the 90th percentile, comparing with death certificates counts to estimate excess mortality. Results: At week 53, there were 326 612 excess deaths (45.1%), with a maximum in week 28 (98.0%) and a minimum at week 41 (35.2%); after week 42, the increasing trend remained for the rest of the year. It was proportionally higher in men, mainly aged 45-64 years, however, in those aged 60 and over, the highest number of deaths occurred. Conclusion: In Mexico, excess mortality has been prolonged compared to other countries, with high interstate variability. This could be explained by socioeconomic conditions and the high prevalence of comorbidities in the Mexican population.